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PIPE ADAPTER FITTINGS

Bahasa Indonesia
Adapter fittings are fitting tools that provide a connection when a piping system needs to be extended or terminated. They are also used for connection when there’s no availability of standard alternatives like various threads or size reduction mechanisms. It is mainly used for pipes termed as big jumped size, pipes with scarce size range on both ends. 

​The materials used in producing adapter fittings are Carbon steel (A105) and Stainless Steel (SS316). The sizes produced are in different ranges from 1/8” to 2”. Majorly, adapter fittings are used when there’s a need for a quick solution to installing piping systems. Adapter fittings have a maximum working pressure of 420 Bars and connection ends of Threaded BSPP or Threaded NPT.
Material Specification
  • Carbon Steel A105
  • Stainless Steel SS316
Connection Type
  • Threaded BSPP
  • Threaded NPT
Size
  • 1/8” to 2”
Working Pressure
  • Up to 420 Bars

1. What are Female Adapter Fittings?

BSPP Male Thread x BSPP Female Thread c/w ED Seal Adapter
BSPP Male Thread x BSPP Female Thread c/w ED Seal Adapter
Adapters are very important fittings used in a piping system. Sometimes, dissimilar pipes are needed to be used in creating a piping system and this may pose a problem getting the right flange, valve, or connecting device to use. In this case, adapter fittings come to the rescue. They fit perfectly for pipe ends especially for pipes with different ends or odd sizes. 

For example, a pipe with a male end of 1/2” and female end of 1” may be difficult connecting together. However, an adapter with 1/2” and 1” can be customized and used to create the piping system and enable the smooth flow running.

2. What materials are Adapter Fittings made of?

Adapter fittings are generally made of two materials – Carbon steel and Stainless Steel. 
The table below shows the chemical composition of carbon steel (A105):
Elements
Composition (%)
Sulfur (S)
≤ 0.40
Carbon (C)
≤ 0.35
Phosphorus (P)
≤ 0.35
Silicon (Si)
0.10 – 0.35
Vanadium (V)
≤ 0.08
Copper (Cu)
≤ 0.40
Molybdenum (Mo)
≤ 0.12
Nickel (Ni)
≤ 0.40
Manganese (Mn)
0.60 – 1.05
Chromium (Cr)
≤ 0.30
The table below shows the chemical composition for Stainless Steel (SS316):
Elements
Composition (%)
Sulfur (S)
0.03
Carbon (C)
0.08
Phosphorus (P)
0.045
Silicon (Si)
1.00
Vanadium (V)
≤ 0.08
Copper (Cu)
≤ 0.40
Molybdenum (Mo)
2.0/3.0
Nickel (Ni)
10/14
Manganese (Mn)
2.00
Chromium (Cr)
23/26
Adapter fittings are produced in straight and non-straight types. A straight adapter is produced from cold down bars that are in line with ASTM standards. For the non-straight fittings like a 3-way tee or 90-degree elbow, they are produced from close grain forging. Additionally, each material has a temperature range it can withstand. For instance, a stainless steel (SS316) material can withstand a maximum temperature of 537⁰C (1000⁰F). 

​The table below shows the temperature level for brass, carbon, and stainless steel materials:
Material
Forgings
Maximum Temperature Rating ⁰C (⁰F)
Bar Stock
Brass
ASTM
B283
C37700
JIS 
H3250
C3771
190 (375)
ASTM
B16
C36000
JIS
H3250
C3604
Carbon Steel
ASTM 
A105 JIS
G3201
SF440A
204 (400)
ASTM
A108 JIS
G4051
S20C-S45C
Stainless Steel
ASTM
A182
F316
537 (1000)
ASTM
A479
Type 316
ASTM
A276
Type 316

BAHASA INDONESIA

3. What is the difference between coupling and an Adapter Fitting?

A coupling is a type of connecting device that allows the flow of fluid at an equal rate in a single direction. For the pipes where they are of different sizes, a reducing coupling is a tool that joins a larger pipe to a smaller size pipe to minimize the flow. The coupling is produced in both female and male ends.   

​The adapter fittings are made in varying sizes. The sizes available are between 1/8” to 2”. The sizes are given using two measurements, metric size (mm) and inch outer diameter (OD). The metric size for adapter fittings is 3mm to 50mm. Despite this standard size range, adapters can also be customized to suitable sizes to fit in upon request. A hex bush fitting threaded end connection has a male size bigger than the female size. Adapter size can have a bigger female size or equal sizes of both male and female threads.
NPT x BSPP Male Thread Hex Nipple
NPT x BSPP Male Thread Hex Nipple

4. How can I connect two pipes to the same size?

Allan Key Head Plug c/w ED Seal
Allan Key Head Plug c/w ED Seal
An adapter is a fitting designed to connect two pipes. The connection types for adapter fittings are available in threaded connections of BSPP and NPT. The connection threads are hex nipple, plug, and male by a female adapter. 

The pressure rating for adapter fitting is a maximum of 420 Bar. Pressure ratings for the fittings are measured under a surrounding temperature of 100⁰F (37⁰C). The pressure ratings are based on factors like temperature de-rating factor, O-ring seal material, and flow rate.

​The table below shows the Gasket and O-ring Material Temperature:
Components
Material
Temperature Min ⁰F (⁰C)
Temperature Max ⁰F (⁰C)
Bonded Seal Gasket
NBR
-25 (-13)
230 (110)
SAE O-rings
FKM
-20 (-28)
400 (204)
Copper Gasket
COPPER
-325 (-198)
​400 (204)
Bonded Seal Gasket
FKM
-5 (-15)
400 (204)
The next table shows the temperature de-rating factor for the materials:
Temperature (⁰C)
38
93
149
204
260
316
​371
427
482
537
Temperature (⁰F)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Stainless Steel 316
1.000
​1.000
1.000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Carbon Steel
​1.000
0.940
0.900
0.860
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brass
1.000
0.780
0.690
0.130
-
-
-
-
-
-
Carbon Steel
1.000
0.940
0.900
0.860
-
-
-
-
-
-
From the table, an example can be cited. For a stainless steel adapter fitting A, the maximum working pressure will be 420 Bars under a normal system environment. However, when the fitting working environment temperature changes to 400⁰C, the pressure drops to 331 bars. This is calculated as the working pressure (420 bar) multiplied by the de-rating factor (0.79). 
The temperature of 400⁰C for stainless steel is not suitable for adapter fittings of carbon steel and brass. The maximum temperature for these materials is 204⁰C.

Adapter fittings use the connection types threaded BSPP and threaded NPT. NPT stands for National type tapered threads. They are also called ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 pipe threads. This thread connection provides an effective sealing of pipes and tubes installed in hydraulic systems. The NPT sizes are available in a range of 1/8” to 2”. 

​British Standard Parallel Pipe (BSPP) is another connection type used in adapter fittings. It is used in connecting tubes and pipes in hydraulics together. They are also referred to as Whitworth threads. The BSPP adapters are designed to work under high pressure PSI and temperatures. They are available in various sizes and very easy to install.
Adapter Bushing c/w ED Seal
Adapter Bushing c/w ED Seal

5. What are the uses of Adapter Fittings?

NPT x BSPP Male Thread Hex Nipple
NPT x BSPP Male Thread Hex Nipple
Adapter fittings are connectors that can provide an instant solution for easy transfer of flow from one direction to the other. The renowned brand of adapter fittings available in the market is Parker, United States. 

The advantages of using adapter fittings are:
  • There’s a variety of choices for connections and configurations available for use.
  • There’s plastic cap protection given for the male thread connections.
  • Adapter fittings are suitable to be used in high pressure machines.
  • The threads are designed to provide high reliability and avoid any form of leakage.

pipe adapter fittings catalogue
Pipe Adapter Fittings

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Allan Key Head Plug c/w ED Seal
Allan Key Head Plug c/w ED Seal
Bahasa Indonesia

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